Part of what made the Doolittle raid on Tokoyo so successful was that the Japanese knew the Americans were there thanks to a couple of patrol boats, but they assumed that the Americans wouldn't even be able to get close enough to launch planes that could make it to Japan. However, since the Army was usually longer range army bombers were flown by pilots specially trained to launch them off an aircraft carrier, and they were able to make the distance. The Japanese were so unprepared that many Japanese military personnel assumed the explosions were part of a practice run, and the city had ever experienced an air raid rehearsal that morning that was treated like a show.
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