If we think of our formula that we made in the last post, M x V = Y x P, we can rewrite as (M x V) / Y = P. Thus, when prices rise, we know it's the fault of one of the variables on the left side of the equation. Y and V do not change that much, but M can change a lot. When governments print more and more money and throw it into the economy, M skyrockets. This makes prices rise as well, which is inflation.
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